中国民航机场结构的时空演变特征及优化选择

The Spatio-Temporal Evolution Characteristics of China's Civil Airports Structure and Its Optimization

以中国民航机场数量及其客货吞吐量为数据基础,结合空间分析等方法,探究中国民航机场结构的时空演变特征、服务范围变动及航空出行的供需关系等。研究发现:首先,中国民航机场数量及其运力稳步提升,形成以北京、上海、广州为多中心的多层级民航机场体系,其格局与区域发展水平基本协调;其次,运输吞吐量的空间分布集中性明显,其中货运的非均衡性更强,但近年来空间分布也均趋于均衡化,1980—2015年,空间重心迁移方向由东南向回转为西北向;再次,民航机场服务范围与其等级具有相关性,不同等级民航机场服务范围量化得分呈差异化变动,但多因机场总量的增加而表现出影响范围的相对收缩;最后,基于供需关系、区域发展实际及空间均衡诉求,提出以苏州为中心的苏南浙北地区、以石河子为主的新疆偏远地区、吉林黑龙江交界地区等地民航机场功能有待提升或需新建支线机场等,以期为进一步优化中国民航机场服务功能提供有益借鉴。

Based on the data of the civil airports and their passenger and freight transportation volume, combining methods such as spatial analysis, this paper explores the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of China＇s civil airports, changes in service scope and the relationship between supply and demand of which, etc. The study found that： ftrstly, the number of China airport and transport capacity have steadily improved, and gradually formed a multi-level civil airports system, of which the Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou are the central hub, such a pattern is basically coordinated with regional development level. Secondly, the centralized spatial distribution of airports and their volume are obvious, among them the imbalance of freight transportation volume is stronger, while in recent years, such a spatial distribution tends to be more balanced, from 1980 to 2015, the direction of space gravity center migration has shifted to northwest. Thirdly, the service scope of civil airports are related to their grades, different grades show the different score and change path. But because of the increase of the airports＇ total number, most airports show a shrinking range of their service scope. Finally, based on the relationship between supply and demand of air travel, regional development and spatial equilibrium demands, put forward some countermeasures, in order to further optimize the civil airports service function, including Suzhou, Shihezi and border region of Jilin and Heilongjiang, where the airports＇ function need to be improved and new feeder airports should be built.