负性认知加工偏向问卷的研制

Development of negative cognitive processing bias questionnaire

目的研制负性认知加工偏向问卷,并对编制问卷的信效度加以检验。方法以贝克负性认知加工偏向理论为依据,通过文献分析、问卷调查、个人访谈、小组讨论等方式确定问卷的初始项目,然后对638名大学生被试进行预测,并根据结果对项目进行修订。然后对社会层面不同职业的2 101人进行问卷调查,并随机分为样本1(n=1 050)和样本2(n=1 051),样本1数据进行项目分析、探索性因素分析,样本2数据进行验证性因素分析。最后运用2 101人的总体数据进行信度检验。结果问卷包括4个维度:负性注意偏向、负性记忆偏向、负性解释偏向、负性沉思偏向;探索性因素分析结果显示4个维度共可解释总问卷50.152%的变异;四维度模型拟合度良好(χ2/df=3.321,GFI=0.948,AGFI=0.934,NFI=0.886,CFI=0.917,RMSEA=0.047);Cronbachα系数为0.893,分半信度系数为0.866,校标效度分别为0.395(与贝克抑郁自评量表)、0.548(与功能失调性态度问卷);各因素与总分之间呈显著正相关(r为0.769~0.828,P<0.01)。结论负性认知加工偏向问卷具有良好的信效度,可以对正常人的负性认知加工偏向进行测量。

Objective To develop a questionnaire for negative cognitive processing bias and examine its reliability and validity. Methods Based on Beck’s negative cognitive processing bias theory, the candidate items of the questionnaire were drafted through literature analysis, questionnaire-based survey, personal interviews, and group discussions. A preliminary test of the items in the questionnaire was conducted among 638 college students, and the questionnaire was revised according to the test results. A survey using the revised questionnaire was carried out in 1 201 individuals of different occupations, who were randomly allocated into Sample 1 （n=1 050） and Sample 2 （n=1 051）. The data in Sample 1 were used for items analysis and exploratory factor analysis, and the sample 2 data were used for confirmatory factor analysis. Results The questionnaire included 4 dimensions： negative attention bias, negative memory bias, negative interpretation bias and negative rumination bias. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that these 4 dimensions were capable of explaining 50.152% of the total variance of the questionnaire. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed good fitting of the data from the 4 dimensions with a good construct validity of the questionnaire （Chi-square/df=3.321, GFI=0.948, AGFI=0.934, NFI=0.886, CFI=0.917, and RMSEA=0.047）. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.893 and the splithalf coefficient was 0.866. The criterion validity was 0.395 compared with Beck Depression Inventory Scale and 0.548 compared with the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale. The dimensions scores were positively correlated with the total score of the questionnaire （r=0.769-0.828, P〈0.01）. Conclusion The Negative Cognitive Processing Bias Questionnaire has good validity and reliability and can be used for measuring negative cognitive processing bias in healthy individuals.