近现代阿拉善荒漠气候变化与环境演变机制研究进展

Study Process of Climate Changes,Environment Evolution and Its Driving Mechanism in the Last Two Centuries in the Alxa Desert

阿拉善荒漠深居内陆,属暖温带荒漠气候,是典型的大陆性干旱区。区内集中了巴丹吉林、腾格里、乌兰布和三大沙漠,发源于青藏高原北部的两条内陆河尾闾深入其间。该区域是中国沙尘暴主要源区和西北重要路径之一,是国家"两屏三带"生态安全战略格局"北方防沙带"的重点区域。系统认识区域气候变化、环境演变及其驱动机制,对区域沙化土地治理及其决策具有重要现实意义。本文综述了器测和代用指标记录的近现代区域气候变化特征及其大气环流影响机制、区域及典型景观等环境演变特征、环境演变驱动机制和驱动因子贡献率量化方法等几个方面的研究进展,并提出了今后研究和关注的重点。

Alxa Desert is the typical continental arid regions,and belongs to the warm temperature zone,which located in the center of Asia.Three deserts are distributed in the Alxa Plateau,including of Badain Jaran,Tengger and Wulanbuhe Desert.Two inland rivers,Heihe River and Shiyang River,terminated in this area.The Alxa Desert is also the sandstorm source region and the main sandstorm route in china.Therefore,this area was the key area of desertification controlling zone in the Ecosystem Security Initiatives Pattern of the China Ecosystem Barrier System.Understanding systematically the regional climate change,environment evolution and its driving mechanism is benefit to the controlling of desertification and the related policy making.Based on the aforementioned,this paper reviewed the study process on the characteristics of regional climate changes recorded by the instrumental and proxy indexes and the influencing mechanism of general atmospheric circulation,environment evolution features of the regional and typical landscapes,driving mechanism and quantitative methods of the driving factors＇ distribution,and put forward the key study points needed to pay attention on Alxa Desert in the nearest future.