西汉昌邑王刘贺案释疑

An Explanation of the Case of Liu He, King Changyi in Western Han Dynasty

刘贺被废黜,昌邑集团覆灭是西汉历史上的一桩疑案。汉武帝以后,王国与汉中央的斗争并没有停止,王国势力总是试图夺取或分割中央皇权,昌邑集团也不例外。昌邑集团的首领刘贺,在宗室中最为"尊亲",且文武兼备。昌邑群臣深受中央"内外朝"政治格局的影响,由外而内分为昌邑"外朝"集团、昌邑"内朝"集团、昌邑仆从集团三部分,构成了昌邑集团的主干,集团内部矛盾重重。昌邑集团有着作为王国势力所难以克服的缺陷,即强烈的盲目性与排他性,缺乏政治经验、治国能力。昭帝病逝,刘贺被霍光拥立为帝,给昌邑集团带来了夺取中央皇权的历史机遇,但昌邑集团为了加快这一进程,盲目地抛出了一系列的夺权措施,引起了以霍光为核心的汉中央的权贵们极大不满和高度戒备,最终导致整个集团的覆灭。

Liu He was deposed, and the demise of Changyi Group was a mysterious case in the history of the Western Han Dynasty. After Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, the struggle between the kingdoms and Han＇s central government did not stop. The forces of the kingdoms always tried to seize or split the central imperial power. Changyi Group was no exception. Liu He, chief of the Changyi Group, was the most respected in the clan and had both intellectual and military resources. The courtiers of Changyi Group were deeply affected by Changyi＇s political pattern, the＂internal and external court system.＂The Changyi Group was divided into＂external court＂group,＂internal court＂group, and servants＇ group. These three made up the backbone of the group, but these divisions also created numerous conflicts with the group. Changyi Group, as a kingdom, had some defects that it failed to overcome, namely strong blindness and exclusivity, lack of political experience and the ability to govern the country. With the death of Emperor Zhao, Liu He was made by Huo Guang into an emperor, which gave Changyi Group a historic opportunity to seize the central imperial power.However, in order to speed up the process, Changyi Group blindly threw a series of measures to seize power. Han＇s central authorities and other nobles, headed by Huo Guang, were greatly dissatisfied and highly alert, which eventually led to the destruction of the entire Changyi Group.