我国如何实现从制造业大国向制造业强国的转变——基于政府转型的研究视角

How Could China Convert from a Big Manufacturing Country into a Manufacturing Powerhouse——Based on Perspective of Government Transformation

随着成本提高和产能过剩,未来我国制造业发展不应再主要靠K和L,而应主要靠A,也就是说未来我国需要从制造业大国向制造业强国转变。党的十九大报告指出,我国要深化供给侧结构性改革,加快发展先进制造业,加快建设制造业强国,这是中央政府审时度势提出的制造业发展战略目标。制造业强国系统由外在环境和内部要素组成,外在环境(基础设施)包括营商环境、人才培养、政府和经济组织服务、研发系统的研发效率等,内部要素包括技术能力和组织能力。中国与德、美、日等制造业强国在外在环境(基础设施)的发展方面仍存在不小的差距,存在差距的原因与我国地方政府转型相对滞后有关。因此,我国从制造业大国向制造业强国转变的思路是,首先通过加快政府转型来完善制造业强国系统的外在环境(基础设施),外在环境改善有利于提升制造业强国系统的内在要素,外在环境改善和内在要素提升有利于我国从制造业大国向制造业强国转变。所以,从制造业大国向制造业强国转变的前提是要率先实现政府转型。

Due to rising costs and severe overcapacity, Chinese manufacturing industry development should not chiefly depend on K and L any longer but mainly on A in the future, i.e., our country should transform from a big manufacturing country into a manufacturing powerhouse in the future. It is proposed by the report delivered at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China that our country should further supply-side structural reform and work faster to build China into a manufacturing powerhouse. The system of a manufacturing powerhouse includes external environments and internal elements. External environments or infrastructure comprise of business environments, education development, the services provided by government and economic organizations and the efficiency of researching systems. Internal elements consist of technical competence and administrative capacity. There is different between the external environment of China and manufacturing powerhouses, because China relatively lags behind in government transformation. Thus Chinese government should promote government transformation to improve the external environment of manufacturing powerhouse system and the improvement of external environment stimulates the internal elements. Ultimately government transformation is conducive to Chinese transformation from a big manufacturing country into a manufacturing powerhouse.