2008-2015年北京高速公路道面结冰特征分析

An analysis on the temporal-spatial characteristics of highway surface freezing in Beijing from 2008 to 2015

道面结冰是北京地区高速公路交通安全的主要危害因素。利用北京地区2008-2015年28个ROSA交通气象站的结冰数据分析了北京地区高速公路道面结冰的基本特征。结果表明:(1)北京市高速公路道面结冰空间差异显著,不同高速公路结冰特征显著不同,同一高速公路不同路段结冰特征也明显不同,这与高速公路各路段局地气候存在差异有关。(2)道面结冰主要发生在北部和东部高速公路所在路段,以小汤山西桥站、顾家庄桥站、六道口桥站和丁各庄桥站道面结冰灾害最为严重。冬季道面结冰月变化显著,11月和3月,结冰次数较少,结冰持续时间短;12月、1月和2月结冰次数多,结冰持续时间长。(3)持续时间越长的结冰过程结冰次数越少。不同持续时间的结冰过程在各时段的结冰次数和累积结冰时长均存在明显差异,两者在各时刻的演变特征基本相同,峰值均出现在22:00,且在00:00之后呈明显减少趋势。(4)大部分站点慢车道比快车道更容易结冰,少部分站点快、慢车道结冰率近似,有的站点甚至快车道结冰率远高于慢车道。快、慢车道水或覆盖物厚度与交通站点所处位置的局地气象条件密切相关。(5)气温、道面温度和大地温度与水或覆盖物的厚度变化呈反相位,即温度越低,水或覆盖物的厚度越大。这可为北京地区道面结冰预报预警方法的开展提供着眼点和依据。

As a major hazard factor, road icing plays a major impact on highway traffic safety in Beijing. The features of road icing were analyzed by using icing data from 28 traffic meteorological stations in Beijing from 2008 through 2015. The results are as follows ： （ 1 ） There are regional differences in road icing of highway in Beijing. Icing characteristics of different highways are notably different. Icing characteristics of different sections in the same highway are also various; Road icing primarily occurs in north and east Beijing, especially around Xiaotangshanxiqiao, Gujiazhuangqiao, Liudaokouqiao and Dinggezhuangqiao Stations. The icing in December, January and February are more frequent than in November and March. （2） The longer the duration of icing, the fewer the icing frequency. （3） The frequent icing appears at 22：00 in Beijing. （4） Icing on fast lane is more easy than on slow lane mostly. （5） The lower the temperature, the thicker the icing. On the whole, this study will be useful for forecasting and warning of road icing in Beijing.