以合作组织抗衡巨型资本——费达生20世纪上半叶的合作理想和实践

Cooperatives Counteracting Large Capital:Fei Dasheng's Cooperative Ideals and Practice in the Early 20^(th) Century

20世纪20-40年代,费达生作为中国蚕丝合作生产的重要推动者、组织者,前期在江南太湖流域、40年代在四川的川南实验区,开展了一场长达二十余年的蚕丝合作生产运动。这场由女性领导、以女性劳动者为主力的合作化运动,成为中国合作运动中一道颇为独特的景观。费达生认为合作的意义在于建立一种指向新的公平的社会组织,她笃信只有合作组织可以帮助穷人、相信中国在和世界资本主义的经济制度相竞争时,合作化是一条可能的生路。费达生始终保持着对资本逐利、扩张和谋求垄断本性的警惕,坚持合作社必须持有超越利润主义、服务社会和保障贫苦农民利益的宗旨,在实践中与资本共舞但又顽强地抗拒着形形色色的资本巨型化。

In the decades of 1920s and 1940s, Fei Dasheng was instrumental in promoting and organizing silkworm production coopera- tives in China which became a unique part of the cooperative movements led by women, and made up of women as their a major force that lasted for two decades in the Chinese history of cooperatives. Fei Dasheng believed that the significance of cooperatives resided in its direction towards a more equitable social organization ,which could help the poor, and that cooperatives offered a possible route for China to rival against the world capitalist economy. She was always aware of capital＇s profit oriented, monopolizing tendencies and resisted amal- gamation of capital in practice and insisted on the goal of cooperatives to serve society over and above profit maximization.