对“妇女解放”的认知——1949-1964年三份妇联刊物中底层妇女自述初探

Perceptions of “Women's Liberation”:A Study of Personal Narratives of Subaltern Women in Three Women's Federations' Publications,1949-1964

在1949至1964年的三份妇联刊物中,底层妇女作者将官方的政治和性别话语融入她们的自述文本中,呈现了丰富的"(妇女)解放的语言"。她们借用"劳动者""剥削""阶级"等不同社会主义话语框定自身经验,再现自身遭遇的以经济剥夺为基础的阶级和性别等多重压迫;用"封建"命名和反抗公共和私人领域的男权思想;用"劳动妇女""主人""同志"等概念重塑自我认同,肯定自身的劳动付出和意义,想象新的性别身份和关系,并在这一过程中积极构建平等、受尊重的和政治性的主体身份。她们没有将自己看作新社会体系的被动的受益者,而是在自我解放和再现中努力呈现自身的能动性。

This paper studies the abundant ＂language of （women＇s） liberation＂ in personal narratives oI subaltern working-class women in three magazines sponsored by Chinese national and local women＇s federations. These authors reframed their past experiences and re- presented their sufferings from economic exploitation and oppressions based on class and gender, using new socialist rhetoric and catego- ries like ＂laborer＂ ,＂ exploitation＂ and ＂class＂. They adopted discourses like ＂feudalism＂ to name and challenge the patriarchal ideolo- gies in both public and private spheres. They employed concepts like ＂working-class women＂ ,＂ masters of the state＂ ,＂ comradeship＂ to construct new gendered subjectivities as well as new social identities that are equal, respectful and political. As they were empowered by the revolutionary discourses and rhetoric, they identified themselves as active agents in their self-liberation instead of mere passive bene- ficiaries of the new socialist regime.