家务劳动对性别收入差距的影响——基于第三期中国妇女社会地位调查数据的分析

The Influence of Housework on Gender Pay Gaps Based on the 3^(rd) National Survey of the Status of Chinese Women

本文运用第三期中国妇女社会地位调查数据,考察家务劳动对已婚在业群体收入获得的影响及影响力的性别差异,分析家务劳动、人力资本、性别歧视等因素对性别收入差距的相对作用。研究发现家务劳动对已婚在业人口的劳动收入具有惩罚效应和门槛效应;家务劳动时长、日常家务劳动和照料型家务劳动对已婚在业男女具有相似的惩罚效力;非日常家务劳动、夫妻家务分工方式以及家务时点对收入获得的影响存在性别差异;已婚在业男女平均收入的差距源于男女的禀赋差异,家务劳动的性别差异是性别收入差距的主因,其对性别收入差距的影响更多通过性别歧视起作用。

Drawing upon the 3~d National Survey of the Status of Chinese Women in 2010, the paper analyzes the effects of housework on labor income, and discusses the gender based differences in the impact of housework on labor income. The paper also tries to measure the influence of housework, human capital, and gender based discrimination on gender pay gaps according to the decomposing results of Neu- mark decomposition. The results show that housework negatively affects labor income and has a threshold effect. Housework time, daily housework and caring work have similar penalty effects for married men and women. Non-daily housework, division of household labor, and the timing of housework have different influence on married men and women in the workforce. On average, the gender pay gap of married men and women arises from endowment effect, and gender-based differences in housework are the main source of gender pay gap. Housework influences the gender pay gap more by way of gender-based discrimination.