小学低年级学生自我监控与监控他人的发展研究

The Development of Monitoring and Control Self and Others in Lower-grade Pupils

元认知监控包括自我监控和监控他人。本研究用两个实验分别探讨了小学低年级学生自我监控和监控他人之间的关系及其发展趋势。实验一采用100以内加减法的计算任务,来探讨小学低年级学生的自我监测和监测他人。实验二采用难度不同、分值不同的计算任务,来探讨学生的自我控制和控制他人。研究发现:第一,小学低年级学生的自我监测和监测他人都会以前期任务表现为依据,支持MPT假说。而且,自我监测和监测他人都在二年级表现出了明显的转化和提高。第二,小学低年级学生在监测他人时,逐渐由以自我信息为依据调整到以他人认知状态为依据。第三,元认知控制能力的发展落后于监测能力。二年级和三年级学生仍旧不能很合理地进行自我执行和计划他人。

Metacognitive monitoring and control include monitoring and control oneself and the others.In the current study,the lower-grade pupils（1 st-3 rdgrade） in primary school as the anticipates,two experiments were designed to explore the development of lower grade students＇ metacognitive monitoring and control.Experiment 1 explored the development of students＇ monitoring oneself and others,by using the calculation questions of the same difficulty.Experiment 2 explored the development of students＇ control oneself and others,by using the calculation questions of different difficulty with different score.The following conclusions are drawn in this study：Firstly,the lower-grade pupils used the past performance to predict future performance.The results supported Memory for Past Test（MPT） theory.With the growth of grade,the cognitive monitoring and control ability is gradually strengthening.Grade Two is a critical period of the development of monitoring and control.Secondly,with the growth of grade,the pupils students can overcomes self-centered gradually and adjust self to others,when they monitoring the others.Thirdly,the development of the metacognitive control is slower than metacognitive monitoring.Grade two and grade three students still can not make good plan and control for themselves and others.