流动儿童社会支持与学业压力的关系：心理韧性的中介作用

Relationship between Social Support and Academic Stress of Migrant Children:Psychological Resilience as a Mediator

采用社会支持评定量表、青少年心理韧性量表、学习的付出—回馈失衡评价量表,对石河子450名流动儿童进行调查,来探讨流动儿童心理韧性在社会支持与学业压力之间的中介作用。结果表明:(1)流动儿童付出—回馈不平衡的总体检出率为24.4%;(2)流动儿童付出—回馈失衡率在性别、学段、民族及户籍上的差异均无统计学意义,在是否独生、单双亲情况、班级排名、父子关系及母子关系上差异显著;(3)心理韧性总分及维度分、社会支持总分及维度分和学业压力均存在显著的相关关系;(4)中介效应检验显示,心理韧性及各因子在社会支持与学业压力之间均起部分中介作用,中介效应与总效应的比例依次为42.50%、21.95%、31.19%、10.95%。因此,流动儿童社会支持、学业压力与心理韧性的关系密切,社会支持既直接对学业压力产生影响,又间接通过心理韧性对学业压力产生影响。

A sample of 450 migrant children from Shihezi city completed measures of Social Support Prating Scale,Resilience Scale for chinese Adolescent Scale,Effort-reward Imbalance for Learning Scale.This study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological resilience between social support and academic stress in migrant children.Results indicated that,（1） The detection rate of effort-reward imbalance is 24.4% in migrant children;（2） Gender,school,nationality and household registration are not statistically significant correlated with the detection rate of effort-reward imbalance,Whether the only child,single parent,class ranking,parent-child relationship are statistically significant correlated with the detection rate of effort-reward imbalance;（3） Psychological resilience,social support and academic stress were correlated with each other;（4） The test of mediating effect found that psychological resilience and its 3 dimensions played a partly mediating role between social support and academic stress,and the mediation effect account for the total effect 42.50% 、21.95% 、31.19% 、10.95% respectively.Therefor,there may be a close relation of psychological resilience to social support and academic stress.Social support could directly affect academic stress and indirectly affect academic stress through perceived psychological resilience.