中国农作物秸秆资源量及其“五料化”利用现状

Chinese crop straw resource and its utilization status

农作物秸秆是十分宝贵的生物资源,资源丰富,秸秆"用则利,弃则害"。秸秆的高效综合利用能有效解决秸秆利用率低、转化率低、经济效益低、环境污染严重这"三低一重"的问题,对中国现代农业的可持续发展起重要的作用。本文分析了中国农作物秸秆资源数量及分布,介绍了秸秆资源综合利用技术的最新进展,包括肥料化、燃料化、饲料化、原料化和基料化("五料化")这些重点领域的应用。集约、循环、高效、充分利用秸秆资源是保护生态环境、节约可再生资源的需要,也是促进中国农业和农村社会经济实现可持续发展的必然要求。

Crop straw is one of the most valuable and rich biological resources in China.The utilization of straw resource is beneficial while the waste is harmful to the environment.Efficient and comprehensive utilization of straw can effectively improve the utilization rate,conversion rate and economic efficiency of straw,and help to control environmental pollution,which plays an important role in the sustainable development of China＇s modern agriculture industry.In this paper,the production and distribution of crop straw resource in China are described,and the latest utilization techniques for crop straw,especially the ＂five materials＂ including fertilizer,feed,biomass fuel,raw material and stroma,are introduced.The intensive,cyclic,and efficient utilization of straw resource will contribute to the ecological environment protection and renewable resource save,as well as to the sustainable development of agriculture and rural economy in China.