公羊“大一统”思想及其开展

On the Thought of “Praising Unification(Yi-tong)” Proposed by Gong Yang

"大一统"说贯通形上与形下、心性与政治,体现了公羊学体用一如、内外一体的思想品格。一方面,王者受命固当改制,以彰天命,然改制所蕴含的"正五始"之义也意味着:天下一统与大治是以政教及其根基端正为前提的;另一方面,"奉元"之说既为世道人心指引了一个端正之源,也开启了公羊学的心性论思想。不仅如此,通过分别改制与易道,公羊家在坚执至道信仰的同时,对于如何因时变易和法象物宜也进行了富有想象力的探讨。

The thought of＂Praising Unification（ Yi-tong） ＂links the metaphysical with the physical,nature with politics. It embodies Gong Yang＇s ideology of correspondence between essence（ Ti） and function（ Yung）,between the internal and the external. On the one hand,the king accepts the divine order and should undoubtedly reform to manifest the mandate of heaven; however the rectifying of five origins embodied in the reform implies that solid foundation of politics and civilization is a premise for the unification and orderliness of the world. On the other hand,the theory of respecting and obeying primordial Qi provides guidance for social morality and offers a starting point for the mind-nature theory of Gong Yang. Followers of Gong Yang insisted on the belief in Tao and had imaginative discussions on how to change with the times and to follow the attributes of things.