基于不同类型冷浸田的有机无机物料改良剂增产效应研究

Effects of Organic and Inorganic Modifiers on Improving Production Based on Different Types of Cold-waterlogged Paddy Field

基于田间试验,研究了福建主要类型冷浸田简易开沟下施用有机或无机改良剂对单季稻产量及土壤性状的影响。结果表明,青泥田上施用鸡粪、猪粪与菇渣的籽粒产量表现一定的增产趋势,而配合秸秆还田的水稻秸秆产量较CK增产40.7%,差异显著;锈水田施用生石灰或生石灰配施有机肥均不同程度提高了水稻籽粒产量,其中4500 kg hm-2生石灰+4500 kg hm-2有机肥处理的籽粒产量与秸秆产量分别较CK显著增产15.9%与14.8%;浅脚烂泥田施用干牛粪、油菜籽饼(配比1∶1)的有机复合改良剂7500 kg hm-2,籽粒产量提高19.3%,差异显著。不同改良剂增产主要是由于提高了水稻有效穗数。施用生石灰或生石灰配施有机肥不同程度地降低了锈水田土壤亚铁含量,而提高了土壤微生物量碳、氮含量;浅脚烂泥田施用改良剂后,除了3750 kg hm-2油菜籽饼处理外,大团聚体(>2 mm)比例呈下降趋势,而中团聚体(0.25~2 mm)与微团聚体(<0.25 mm)比例呈上升趋势。青泥田与锈水田施用改良剂还分别提高了籽粒磷、钾养分与籽粒氮、磷养分含量。针对冷浸田不同属性,配合开沟措施,选用畜禽有机肥、油菜籽饼、生石灰等有机无机改良剂以及组合施用可降低土壤还原性物质,提高活性有机碳含量,改良土壤结构,实现水稻增产。

Based on field experiment, the study was aimed to reveal the effects of organic or inorganic modifiers on the single-crop rice yield and soil properties in main types of cold-waterlogged paddy field under simple drainage in Fujian Province. The results showed that the grain yields trended to increase after applying chicken manure, pig manure and mushroom residue to blue mud field, and the straw yields were significantly raised by 40.7% after straw returning compared to control. In the paddy field with rust, the rice grain yields were improved more or less under the application of modifiers. Thereinto, the grain and straw yield were, respectively, significantly increased by 15.9% and 14.8% in the 4500 kg hm-2 quicklime plus 4500 kg hm-2 manure application treatment. In the shallow-foot mud paddy field, the grain yields were significantly increased by 19.3% under the organic composite modifier treatment （the ratio of dry dairy manure to rapeseed oil dregs was 1 ： 1）. The yield increase was mainly due to the increase of rice effective panicle. The contents of ferrous iron decreased more or less under the application of quicklime or combined with chicken manure, but the contents of microbial biomass carbon （MBC） and nitrogen （MBN） increased in the paddy field with rust. For the shallow-foot mud paddy field, the proportion of water-stable macro aggregates （〉 2 ram） in soil decreased in all treatments expect in the 3750 kg hm-2 rapeseed oil dregs treatment, while the proportion of middle aggregate （0.25 - 2 ram） and micro aggregate （〈 0.25 mm） in soil increased. The contents of grain phosphorus and potassium in the blue bud field and those of grain nitrogen and phosphorus in the paddy field with rust were both increased under the application of modifiers. According to the different properties of cold-waterlogged paddy field, cooperated with furrowing measures, screening and application of organic or inorganic modifiers such as the livestock and poultry manure, grouts, quicklime and their combination reduced soil reducing substance, increased active organic carbon, improved soil structure and rice yield.