新型城镇化中的产城融合及其福利效应

City-industry Integration and Its Welfare Effects during the New-type Urbanization

在新型城镇化快速推进过程中,存在"先产后城"和"先城后产"两类偏向型城镇化路径,其福利效应迥然有别。本文在资本自由流动的两城市模型中引入产城融合变量,分析了禀赋差异、政府政策偏向下的城镇化路径;并基于产城融合的要素适配模型,对2000年以来中国的产城融合路径及其时空演变进行了动态刻画,进而利用2003—2014年中国252个地级市的面板数据对理论进行实证检验。结果表明:产城融合程度越高,资本偏向的补贴支出越能提高产业集聚效率;产城融合程度越低,改善城市区位条件更能提高产业集聚效率。以产业园区为主线的城镇化存在一定的门槛效应,对禀赋较差地区的产业扶贫政策可能因产城融合水平较低而失效。实证研究证实了产城融合的门槛效应,即在产城融合水平达到一定的阈值时,偏向产业的土地政策才能提升本地的产业集聚效率。进一步地,基于功利主义福利函数标准对城镇化路径比较后发现,旨在优化区位条件的"先城后产"路径相较于"先产后城"路径更有利于城镇居民福祉的提升。为此,在中西部地区新型城镇化快速推进的阶段,应更多考虑蒂伯特选择功能,优化政策环境与区位条件,注重民生型公共服务平台的搭建。

In the rapid development of the new type of urbanization, ＂develop the industry first, then develop the city＂ and ＂develop the city first, then develop the industry＂, which represents different paths of urbanization. And the welfare effects producted by them are obviously different. This text introduces a variable of the city- industry integration in the two-city model which capital flows freely, to analyze the urbanization path under the endowment difference and the government policy bias. And then it has described the path and Space-time evolution of city-industry integration dynamically since 2000s. The results show that the higher level of industry-city integration is, the more valid effects appear which subsidy spending of the bias of capital can improve the effects of industry cluster. The lower level of city-industry integration is, the more valid effects appear which infrastructure investment of bias which is aim to improve the urban locational conditions can improve the effects of industry cluster. Competition of attracting invest usually brings about a situation that the cities which have great locational conditions will excessive subsidies capital. But these measures will weakened the policy effect of the capital in poorer cities. By constructing the welfare function matrix, we can find that ＂develop the industry first, then develop the city＂ as the urbanization path presently have an inefficient level of city-industry integration. On the contrary, the path of the ＂developing the city first, then developing the industry＂ that optimizes the location conditions can improve the overall welfare of the whole society. To this end, when the local government enacts investment policies, it is important to consider ＂Tiebout choice＂ function, to optimize the policy environment and regional conditions and to pay attention to the public service platform.