明清泾阳—三原一带科技文化轴心的形成与意义——以刘古愚的工商—科技教育为代表

The Formation and Significance of Jingyang-Sanyuan Science and Technology Cultural Center in the Ming and Qing Dynasties——Represented by Liu Guyu's industry-commerce and science & technology education

刘古愚创造性地将工商—科技教育、机器纺织实践等相贯通,以图书、期刊媒介辅助教育,形成了一种以经济为保障基础,以科技为生产力根本,既重理论又重实践的独特教育模式。他将中国传统教育与近现代新式教育结合起来,实学中突出工商,格致学中突出算学,分科课士,传业授徒,使泾阳—三原地域文化元素中出现了从未有过的"天演"、代微积拾级、辙合制度、经纬仪、象限仪、织布机、轧花机、公司、入股分红、学社、讲会这些新的名词术语,并通过移风易俗、教化一方强化了这一文化,同时向关学立心、立命、继绝学、开太平的使命植入新的时代基因。

Through focusing on the survey of Liu Guyu＇ s industry-commerce and science ＆ technology education activities, it is thought that he creatively integrated industry-commerce and science ＆ technology education with textile machine practice, which shaped a distinctive educational mode of mutual support and facilitation that was based on economy with science and technology as the basic productivity, stressing both theory and practice. He combined traditional education and modern and contemporary new education. In practical learning, he emphasized industry and commerce; in theoretical learning, he stressed mathematics with curriculum divided into subjects. He advocated passing on skills and knowledge through master-apprentice approach, making it part of the local culture of Jingyang-Sanyuan area. ＂Evolution＂ appeared as one of the cultural elements, unprecedented in history. New terms emerged like calculus, standardized manufacture system, etc. And this culture was strengthened through the change of prevailing habits and customs as well as educating and instructing the masses. At the same time, a new gene was implanted into the mission of neo-Confucianism developed in central Shaanxi area in terms of reconstructing the spiritual value for the society, establishing the meaning of life for the common people, reviving the Confucian doctrines in the administration of the nation as well as trying to lay a foundation for prosperous and peaceful prospects for thousands of generations to come.