客家语母语者辨识粤语声调的特征分析

Native Hakka speakers＇ identification of Cantonese tones： A comparative analysis

目的探讨习得粤语的客家语母语者辨识粤语声调的相关特征。方法募集广东籍受试者32例，其中母语为粤语者共20例（纳入粤语组），母语为客家语者共12例（纳入客家语组）。采用《香港粤语声调辨识测验》对2组受试者进行测验，分析2组受试者辨识粤语声调的相关特征，并从声／韵母、粤语声调系统及受试者自身母语系统三方面对客家语母语者粤语声调辨识特征进行探讨。结果①2组受试者均未错选声／韵母相近字干扰项；②粤语组除辨识T2／T5（89％）、T4／T6（89％）声调的准确率较低外，辨识其它声调的准确率均在95％以上。客家语组除辨识T2／T4（84．6％）、T2／T5（82．1％）、T3／T4（95．0％）、T3／T5（93．6％）、T3／T6（70．0％）、T4／T6（84．6％）及总声调的准确率较低外，辨识其它声调的准确率均在95％以上；③2组受试者在辨识T1／T2、T3／T4、T3／T6及总声调的准确率组间差异具有统计学意义（P〈O．05），而辨识T2／T5及T2／T4的准确率组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论习得粤语的客家语母语者对粤语声调的辨识能力可能与粤语声调本身调值、调型特征及其母语声调系统对粤语声调感知影响等因素有关。

Objective To investigate the features of native Hakka speakers＇ ability to identify Cantonese tones. Methods Twenty native Cantonese speakers and 12 native ttakka speakers were given the Hongkong Can- tonese tone identification test. Results Neither group was troubled by similar vowel and consonant sounds. The Cantonese group could identify all tones well except distinguishing tones 5 and 2 （89%） and tones 4 and 6 （ 89% ）. The Hakkas had the most difficulty distinguishing tones 3 and 6 （ 70.0% ） , but significant differences were observed between the two groups in the identification of tones 2 and 5 and 2 and 4. Conclusion A native Hakka speaker＇s ability to identify Cantonese tones may be closely related to the tone＇s pitch, tonal patterns as well as the Hakka tone system.