湖北剧场五代杨吴墓出土木俑研究

Wood Figures Unearthed from the Tomb Dating Back to the Wu of the Five Dynasties Located at Hubei Theatre

湖北剧场五代杨吴墓出土了一方买地券和三件木俑,其中一件木俑身前、身后及右侧密布墨书文字。通过文字的释读和与其他相关墓葬的对比研究,可以认定带字木俑为代替生人承当殃咎的"柏人",另外两件木俑系在地下世界侍奉墓主的奴婢。柏人具有明显的道教性质,与西汉时期的告地策存在性质上的差异。目前所见出土柏人的墓葬形制简单,规模小,墓主身份较低,一定程度上反映了晚唐五代北宋时期墓中随葬柏人的墓主的群体特征。

A property deed and three wood figures were unearthed from a tomb at Hubei Theatre, which dates to the Wu regime of the Five Dynasties. One of the three figures was covered with ink characters in front and back as well as its right side. The interpretation of these characters and the comparison with other related burials suggest that the characters-bearing figure functioned as abairen, which was to bear the sufferings and punishment for the living ones. The other two figures represent servants to the tomb occupant. Bairen is a Taoist practice, which differs by nature from gaodice （registration to the other world）, a practice prevailed in the Western Hart time. The tomb is of simple form and small scale with the occupant being identified as with relatively low social status, which is to a certain degree representative of the deceased who were buried with bairen-s in their tombs in the late Tang, Five Dynasties, and Northern Song times.