生态博物馆在法国:孕育与诞生的再思考

The Ecomuseum in France: Rethinking Its Origin and Birth

20世纪70年代,生态博物馆概念与理论在法国诞生。直至今日,关于生态博物馆的理论探讨和项目实践依然在世界范围内进行着。作为"第二次博物馆革命",生态博物馆的出现是多重力量共同作用的结果,集中体现在社会史运动、地方价值发现、传统博物馆反思、生态环境议题四个方面。具体而言,社会史思潮呼吁重回传统的历史叙事,强调边缘人群的文化价值;地方价值不仅关注地方之于民族重塑的作用,而且还关注地方独特性与民主性进程;传统博物馆在功能与角色反思基础上,实现了从物件博物馆化向地方博物馆化的过渡;关于人类生存危机的生态环境议题直接点燃了孕育生态博物馆的历史资源,导致了生态博物馆在法国的最终诞生。

The concept and theory of the ecomuseum was born in France in the 1970s and the theoretical discussions and practical experimenting have been carried out worldwide ever since. As ＂the second museum revolution＂, the emergence of the ecomuseum resulted from the interaction of multiple forces that mainly derive from social history movements, the discovery of local value, the reflection on traditional museums, and ecological and environmental issues. Specifically, the social history movements call for a return to traditional historical narrative and an emphasis on the cultural value of marginalized groups; the local value is of significance not only to the reshaping of the nationality, but also to the forming of locality and the process of democracy; through self-reflection on their functions and roles, traditional museums have transformed from objects-oriented toward locality-oriented; ecological and environmental issues that are crucial for the survival of human being signited the attention to history resources, which eventually led to the birth of the ecomuscum in France.