生态博物馆的传统村落保护问题反思

Reflection on the Ecomuseum Practice of Traditional Villages Preservation

生态博物馆概念在中国是一个舶来品,而作为一种运动起源于西方后工业化反思对传统博物馆的改革,中国移植的主要是传统村落的生态博物馆模式的运用。但是,村落是一个主体生产单位,在现代化背景下,特定保护对象却往往被文化产业化开发,变成了特定文化产品的生产。这个过程中,村落从过去的生产自足过渡到非自足,形成了新的生产特征。但是,西方的生态博物馆理论与实践,一般采取实证主义路线,以原貌的原地性文化客体(实体)视角谋求所谓的保护和保存,与村落的主体性质和再生产性相悖,因而在实践上存在限度。中国实施传统村落保护工作,应深入分析生态博物馆理论的特征和不足,从村落作为生产单位及其主体利益出发,建立适合传统村落保护与发展的生产性支持体系。

The ecomuseum movement is derived post-industrializational reflection. The introduction of from the reform to traditional museums imposed by the concept to China is mainly seen in the establish- ment of ecomueums in traditional villages. Villages are production entities. Under modernization, villages, which are supposed to be the objects of protection, are often subject to cultural industrialization and take a hold on the production of cultural products. During this process of transition from self-sufficiency to insuffi- ciency, new productive features are formed. Western ecomuseum theories and practices adopt the empirical approach that views the villages as cultural objects rather than subjects to protection and preservation and are therefore with limitations in implementation. To better carry out the protection work for villages in China, it is important to take an in-depth examination on the characteristics and deficiencies of ecomuseum theories and build a production supporting system appropriate to the protection and development of traditional villages.