生态(社区)博物馆的中国经验与学术性批判反思

The Ecomuseum(Community Museum): Chinese Experiences and Critical Discussions

生态(社区)博物馆是新博物馆学理论指导下的一场博物馆运动,践行文化遗产的在地化、整体性与主体性保护,以兼容文化遗产保护与社会发展为使命。在国际范围内,生态(社区)博物馆仍然存在着争议,可视化生产与参观性使得博物馆社区成为"被参观的对象",文化赋权被讥讽为"形式主义"。中国东部发达地区的"第三代"生态博物馆类型是否可以成为一种新的试验或方向?文化赋权与经济效益之间的张力如何理解?所谓的"安吉模式"是"摊大饼"吗?这些问题和议题,需要给出学术性的批判与反思。

The ecomuseum （community museum） is a museum movement guided by the new museology that is practiced focusing on the in-situ, integral, and locally participative approach to heritage preservation with a dual mission of heritage preservation and social development. Worldwide the ecomuseum （community museum） is still a controversial matter in that visual production and allowing visitation make the community ＂an object being watched＂; cultural empowerment of local people is satirized as a product of formalism. Could ＂the third generation of ecomuseums＂ practiced in the more developed eastern regions of China be a new experiment or a model to follow？ How to understand the tension between cultural empowerment and eco- nomic benefits？ Is the Anji-Model an alternative tourban sprawl？ These questions and issues remain to receive critical discussions and reflections.