苏珊·洛里·帕克斯《强者/弱者》戏仿之管见

A View on Parody in Parks' Topdog/Underdog

《强者/弱者》是苏珊·洛里·帕克斯的代表作之一,凭借此剧帕克斯获得了2002年美国普利策戏剧奖,也是获得该奖的首位美国非裔女性剧作家。剧中主要探讨了以林肯与布茨为代表的美国非裔人民的生存状态和心理发展历程。作者用反讽的手法借用美国历史上伟大总统之名与最受鄙视之名,给这对黑人兄弟取名;戏仿美国历史上著名的历史事件——林肯被刺。帕克斯强调历史从来不是由白人单方面所记载,谁是历史的主人,历史由谁来书写,谁是历史的强者,谁是历史的弱者等问题进行深入挖掘美国非裔史。剧中展示了在美国历史发展进程中美国非裔人民的不在场与缺失的话语权,帕克斯修正并反拨了美国历史由白人所书写的权利,解构了白人历史主体性和中心位置,还原美国历史上真实的黑人在场,重构美国非裔人民的历史存在和主体性。

Topdog/Underdog is one of masterpieces by Suzan - Lori Parks, for which she won Pulitzer Award for Drama, becoming the first African American female writer. The play digs mainly into exis- tential living and psychological development of African Americans in representative of Lincoln and Booth. The writer borrowed the famous American president＇ s name and the most infamous name to give two protagonists--Lincoln and Booth respectively. She also parodied the historical event--Lin- coln＇ s assassination. Parks never thinks that American history was, is, and will be written the white. She always explores the history of African American to consider problems such as who is the master of history; who should write the history; who is the topdog in history; and who is underdog in history. In the play Parks demonstrates the absence and the right to utter for African Americans in the development of American history. At the same time, Parks revises and rectifies the right of the white in writing A- merican history, deconstructs the historical subjectivity and center, restores the presence of African A- mericans in history, and reconstructs the historical presence and subjectivity of African American.