2007—2016年上海市乙醇阳性死亡案例的法医学分析

A forensic analysis of alcohol-positive fatal cases in Shanghai during 2007 to 2016

目的研究上海地区非交通事故的乙醇相关死亡案件特点,为乙醇相关政策的制定及干预行动提供参考。方法收集2007—2016年上海市公安局刑事侦查总队法医室受理的乙醇阳性死亡案例,按血液乙醇浓度(blood alcohol concentration,BAC)进行等级划分,分析BAC在年份、性别、年龄、季节、死亡原因、死亡方式、合并药毒物等情况中的分布差异。结果年份、季节与乙醇相关死亡无明显联系;乙醇相关死亡案件中男性比例(88.4%)明显高于女性(11.6%);20~39岁(57.1%)、机械性损伤(70.1%)、他杀(64.6%)、合并毒品(37.2%)在年龄、死因、死亡方式、合用药毒物中占比最高;随BAC上升,机械性损伤、他杀案件呈下降趋势,烧死、意外呈上升趋势。结论上海地区男性、20~39岁是乙醇相关死亡的主要人群;随BAC上升,机械性损伤、他杀死亡比例呈下降趋势,烧死、意外死亡比例呈上升趋势;对于乙醇合用毒品相关死亡,中毒致死的诊断需要予以关注。

Objective To characterize alcohol-related deaths which were not caused by traffic accident in Shanghai and to provide data support for alcohol-related policy and intervention. Methods All alcohol-positive fatal deaths collected in 2007 - 2016 from Shanghai Public Security Bureau were classified based on blood alcohol concentration （BAC） and distributed by year, gender, age, season, cause of death （COD）, manner of death （MOD） and combined drugs. Results There was no significant correlation of alcohol BAC with year or season. Males （88.4%） were more than females （11. 6%）. Age of 20 - 39 years （57. 1%）, mechanical injury （70. 1%）, homicide （64. 6%） and combined illicit use （37.2 %） were the largest proportions in respective categories of age, COD, MOD and drug combination. With the BAC rising, mechanical injury and homicide showed decreased proportions, while burn and accidents showed increased proportions. Conclusions Male and the age of 20 - 39 years are the major populations for alcohol-related deaths in Shanghai. With the rise of BAC,mechanical injury and homicide decrease, while burn and accident increase. Among the combined use of alcohol and drugs, death from acute intoxication should be paid special attention.