上海浦东新区438例精神疾病患者自杀死亡的特征分析

Feature analysis of 438 cases of suicidal death with mental disorders in Shanghai Pudong New Area

目的对精神疾病患者自杀的一般特征进行分析总结,探讨该类人群自杀死亡的特点,为社会前期干预自杀事件的发生提供参考。方法收集上海市浦东新区2007—2016年精神疾病患者自杀的案件,对死者性别、年龄、自杀方式、死亡原因等进行回顾性分析。结果收集438例精神疾病患者自杀案例,女性明显多于男性;年龄集中于30~70岁,其中60~70岁年龄段发病率最高,年龄最小者11岁,年龄最大者93岁;抑郁症患者比例最高(48.2%),其次为精神分裂症(16.7%)、妄想症(1.6%)及焦虑症(0.9%);采用高坠和自缢方式自杀的人数最多,比例分别为43.6%、31.5%;438例案件中47例有先发症状(留有遗书、流露自杀意向或有自杀史)。结论精神疾病患者(尤其是抑郁症)已经成为自杀人群中不可忽视的因素,早期干预及治疗应当引起社会足够的重视,尽量避免悲剧的发生。

Objective To analyze the general characteristics of suicide in patients with mental illness, to discuss the characteristics of suicide death, and to provide reference for the social intervention of suicide in the early stages. Methods We collected the suicide cases of 438 patients with mental illness in Shanghai Pudong New Area from 2007 to 2016,and analyzed their sex, age, way of death and cause of death. Results In these 438 cases of suicide,women were significantly more than men. The age mainly distributed between 30 and 70 years old, and the highest of incidence rate occurred between 60 and 70 years old. Among these patients,the youngest one was 11 years old, and the oldest one was 93 years old. Depression （48. 2%） was the leading cause for suicide, followed by schizophrenia （16.7%）, paranoia （1. 6%） and anxiety （0. 9%）. Jumping from height （43. 6%） and hanging （31.5%） were the most common ways of suicide. There was pre-signal （suicide notes,expression of suicidal and suicidal history） in 47 cases. Conclusions Mental disorders, especially depression, has become an indispensable fator in the suicide people. We should pay enough attention to early interventionand treatment in order to avoid tragedy again.