共享经济:本质、机制、模式与风险

Sharing Economy: Essence, Mechanism, Models and Risks

共享经济是基于技术手段提升闲置资源利用效率的新范式,以平台化、高效化、开放性和分布式作为特征,整合多种要素及资源配置机制,已成为一种盘活存量、提升效率和增进服务的重要举措。共享经济基于所有权和使用权分离,利用信息脱域和新的信用机制,依托多方市场平台实现需求、供给和匹配机制的融合,降低交易成本,实现长尾效应和规模效应。共享经济基本覆盖了主要生活场景,以商品再分配、有形产品服务、非有形资源协作式分享以及开放协作共享等为主要业务模式。共享经济存在复杂的法律关系结构,对现有制度适宜性提出了挑战,同时存在委托代理、新垄断方式以及信息安全等问题。未来共享经济将呈现服务科技化、科技智能化以及服务场景化等趋势,共享经济需要重点解决所有权与使用权分离、连接机制稳定性以及与监管框架关系等问题,政府应积极鼓励共享经济发展,坚持包容性监管原则,构建主动长效监管机制。

The sharing economy is a new paradigm of technology to promote utilization efficiency of"idle"resources based on efficient,open and decentralized platforms.Through integrating varieties of elements and resource allocation mechanisms,the sharing economy has become a major way to revitalize stocks,raise allocation efficiency and improve services.Based on separation of ownership and right of use,it utilizes information disembodying and new credit mechanism to integrate demand,supply and matching mechanism based on multiple market platforms,lower transaction costs,achieve the long-tail effect and promote economy of scale.Covering main living scenes,the sharing economy has four major business models:goods redistribution,sharing of tangible products,sharing of intangible resources,and open and collaborative sharing.However,the sharing economy has very complicated legal relationship structures that challenge the suitability of the existing regulatory system.Meanwhile,there are some new challenges to be tackled,such as principal agent problem,new monopoly mode and information security.In the future,the sharing economy may evolve in the direction of scenesbased service and service-driven technology.It needs to focus on the separation of ownership and right of use,stability of connection mechanisms,and regulatory framework relationships.The government should actively encourage the development of sharing economy,adhere to inclusive regulatory principles,and establish an effective,efficient and long-term regulatory system.