高压临氢环境中材料氢脆测试方法讨论

Discussion of the Hydrogen Embrittlement Test Methods for Materials under High-Pressure Hydrogen Environment

材料的高压氢脆问题是氢气储运中所常见的,针对材料氢脆性能的评价试验方法在国际上已经有许多标准发行,我国尚无相关标准,本文即针对材料氢脆的测试方法进行了介绍及讨论。根据载荷作用机制的不同,材料高压氢脆的测试方法可以分为三大类,分别为圆片试验方法、基于断裂力学的试验方法与基于慢应变速率拉伸的试验方法。这三类试验方法根据试样形式的不同会有所变动,在材料性能测试中所检测的指标也会有所不同,需根据工程实际进行合理选择。此外,为了推进材料氢脆性能评价研究,需加快对高压氢气试验装备的研发。

The hydrogen embrittlement（HE） is a common phenomenon in the storage and transportation of high pressure hydrogen, several standards have issued in the world for the evaluation of the HE of materials. However, there is no relevant standard for the HE test, so the test methods for HE were discussed in this paper. According to the differences of the mechanism, three type of tests is described, i.e. the disc test method, the test method based on the fracture mechanics and the test method based on the slow-strain rate tensile test. According to the different form of samples, the test methods and the performances may be different, which should be carried out according to the engineering practice. In addition, in order to promote the HE evaluation study of materials, the equipment used for the high-pressure hydrogen test research should be speed up and development.