论宗族视阈下苏州府文氏家族及文学盛衰

Wen Family in Suzhou Prefecture and Its Rises and Falls in Literature from the Perspective of Clan

明代文氏家族是苏州文化望族,以文徵明为代表,几乎每一代都产生出了杰出的文学和艺术人才。文氏子弟继承先志,通过不断编辑诗集和家谱,最后甚至培养出家族科举上最成功的人才——状元文震孟。然而本应该更加兴盛的文氏家族,却在明清易代之际迅速衰落。从宗族视阈来看,文氏家族始终未曾完成家庭组织化,从而也缺少抗拒时势波动的力量。文氏子弟的文人性格,也使其在利害抉择时不够沉稳,且容易有冲动冒险的倾向,这实际上给家族带来致命的打击。

Wen family in the Ming dynasty was a distinguished cultural family represented by Wen Zhengming,famous for its numerous talented persons of literature and arts in each generation.The offspring of Wen family inherited the forefathers'aspirations,edited poem anthology and genealogy and even cultivated the most successful talent in the imperial examinations-Zhuangyuan Wen Zhenmeng.However,Wen family declined rapidly during the changing from the Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty,although it should have been more prosperous.Form the perspective of the clan,Wen family never completed the establishment of family organization,and thus lacked the strength to resist the fluctuations of the times.Besides,their character of literati made them easily take a risk on impulse when making critical choices,which actually brought a fatal blow to the family.While other well-organized families with more experience in facing disasters are able to cope with difficulties and minimize losses to preserve the strength for the continued development of family and family culture.