被凝视与反凝视:论昆德拉小说中的两类女性群像

Gazing and Anti-Gazing:Two Kinds of Female Images Existed in Kundera's Novels

在米兰·昆德拉的小说叙事中,女性角色占据着十分重要的位置。以凝视理论为研究视阈,分析昆氏的小说作品,发现其中存在着两种不同类型的女性形象:一类是被凝视的女性群像,她们因自身的怯懦而甘愿受虐,在男性的凝视下逐渐丧失了自我存在感;另一类则是反凝视的女性群体,她们蔑视男权社会的道德伦理,用前卫出格的言行来对抗男性的凝视,显现出强烈的女权意识。男权社会的压制和女性之间的矛盾冲突是造成她们悲剧的主要因素。只有女性同胞团结一致,才能构建与男性平等对话的和谐关系。

Women characters act as an important part in the narration of Milan Kundera＇s novels. Analysis of Milan Kundera＇s novels through the literary theory of gazing, two types of female images can be found. The first women group lost self-consciousness under the gaze of men because of their cowardice. On the contrary, the second group disdained the moral ethics of the male-dominated society; they showed a strong female consciousness through their words and actions. Besides man＇s power, women＇s inner contradictions also contribute to their tragedies. Thus, only with firm cooperation among women could they build a harmonious relationship in the society.