中国国民的收入分布与教育收益率探析

On Chinese National Income Distribution and the Rate of Return to Education

国民收入及分配影响着经济增长和贫富差距。研究不同收入水平群体的教育收益率具有重要意义。分析2012年我国国民收入分布情况,运用分位数回归的方法,研究地域分布、城乡分布、家庭背景、受教育程度等因素对处于不同收入水平的个人经济收入的影响。从低收入人群到高收入人群,教育收益率不断增大,而地域差异对个人收入的影响显著增强。户口性质对收入的影响只有在最高收入人群中才不显著,说明社会中大部分非农户口工作者收入高于农村户口工作者收入。

National income and its distribution have a direct impact on the economic growth and the gap between the rich and the poor. It is important to study the rate to return on education by groups of different income levels. This paper first analyzes the distribution of national income in China in 2012, and then uses the method of quantile regression to analyze the relationship between covariates including region, rural residence, family background, year of education and age and the individual income at different income levels. It is found that the rate of return to education increases from low-income group to high-income earners, and the influence of geographical differences on personal income has been significantly enhanced. Furthermore, household registration type also impact the income level significantly except high-income group, namely, the income of most non-agricultural residence is higher than agricultural residence.