等级含义论对任指词浮现极性特征的解释力

The Validity of the Scalar Implicature Approach to the Emergent Polarity Sensitivity of FCIs

文章基于英语、汉语的语言事实和关联论、博弈论,评述等级含义论对任指词浮现极性特征的解释力并做出修正,指出任指词的浮现极性特征主要是由它本身的任选义和梯级蕴涵义决定的。Chierchia(2013)认为any表示some(某个、某些)的意义,同时具有穷尽领域的功能,上向蕴涵语境会激发与常识相背离的等级含义,故any不能获得允准,而下向蕴涵语境能把弱信息转化为强信息,实现any的强调功能,故any能获得允准。本文认为:(1)任指词能给听话人提供任意选择的自由,上向蕴涵语境的存在闭包性阻碍了选择的自由,故不能允准任指词,而下向蕴涵语境和任选语境能提供任选的自由,故能允准任指词;(2)任指词在不合适的语句中也传递强信息,并不诱发等级含义;(3)任指词的量化义是含义而不是本义;(4)任指词反映了讲话人的博弈优选策略,允准语境的作用就是配合讲话人以风险换取具有最大说服力的证据。

We review the scalar implicature approach to the emergent polarity sensitivity of free choice items（FCIs） based on lhe data from English and Chinese, and offer our update of it in the framework of Game Theory and Relevance Theory. We argue that the emergent polarity sensitivity of FCIs ia dependent on the random choice meaning and scalar entailment. Chierchia （2013） .argues that any is blocked in the upward en an indefinite with an obligatory function of domain exhaustion. PS any is tailing contexts because the scalar implicature generated contradicts the common sense logic while it is licensed in the downward entailing contexts in which a semantically weaker item c a^a be turned into an informationally stronger item and thereby strengthens the statement. We point out that FCIs give entailing freedom of choice, which can be met in the downward contexts and free choice contexts and cannot be met in upward entailing contexts because of their existential closure nature, therefore, FCIs are licensed in the dawnward entailing contexts and free choice contexts and barred from the upward entailing contexts. However, FCIs do not generate scalar implicature in the infelicitous sentences, instead they also strengthen the statements. The quantification forces of FCIs are their contextual meanings. The employment of FCIs shows the speakers＇ game. The licensing contexts work together with FCIs to evidence.