也谈语言腐败:定义、范式及语言表征

Language Corruption:Definition,Paradigms and Linguistic Representation

语言腐败是话语主体在重构事件的过程中滥用话语权而产生的一种语用现象。人类叙事的六类范式:(1)A=B;(2)AB;(3)BA;(4)A∩B≠Ф;(5)A∩B=Ф;(6)A=Ф,B≠Ф中,(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)式都可能孳生语言腐败。我们判断语言腐败的标准是:1.话语主体已知话语事件与原事件不一致;2.话语行为受利益驱动。语言腐败以两类语词(句)来表征:一是与现实表征不相符的褒贬词语;二是放弃明晰的语言表达式而选用模糊的表述法。这两类语言表征与修辞学界提及的"易色"及委婉语有着本质的区别,其语用结果为导致话语事件模糊不清或与客观事实不符;其语用目的为实现话语主体及其集团的政治、经济、文化等利益。

The phenomenon of language corruption comes from the subject＇s abuse of his power of discourse during the course of event reconstruction. All of the six kinds of narrative paradigms, namely,①A=B;②AB;③BA;④A∩B≠Ф;⑤A∩B=Ф;⑥A=Ф,B≠Фmay breed language corruption except the first one. And the criteria for corruption judgment are as follows. First, the subject already knows that the discourse event is different from the original one. Second, the discourse act is motivated by benefits. Therefore language corruption is represented by two kinds of words or sentences, which are the commendatory or derogatory terms at variance with the actual representation and the vague expressions instead of explicit ones. Different from the ＂color-change＂ and ＂euphemism＂ in rhetoric, the two kinds above result in the discrepancy of discourse events with objective facts and aim at realizing the political, economic and cultural benefits of the discourse subjects.