金属有机骨架材料固定生物大分子的研究进展

Recent Advances in Biomacromolecules Immobilization by Metal Organic Frameworks

金属有机骨架(MOFs)具有超高的比表面积、可调的孔径、多样的结构组成、开放的金属位点和化学可修饰等性能。近年来,MOFs材料作为稳定的、高效的、可重复使用的和廉价的生物大分子固定化载体越来越引起人们的研究兴趣。生物大分子-MOFs体系在改进生物催化剂的效率及可回收性、分子传感、药物输送和基因治疗等方面具有广阔的应用前景。讨论了生物大分子在MOFs载体材料上固定的方法和方式,生物大分子可以通过物理吸附或共价键作用固定在MOFs表面,或通过与配位基团发生亲水或疏水作用扩散进入MOFs孔道,或通过共价键或配位键包埋在其晶体结构中,介绍了相关研究进展及应用。设计具有大孔径的高介孔MOFs材料、设计不同的功能化MOFs材料及以环境友好的方式合成所需的生物大分子-MOFs体系等,可进一步扩大MOFs材料在生物大分子固定领域的应用范围。

Metal organic frameworks （MOFs） with properties of high specific surface area, tunable porosity, controllable structure, open metal sites and desirable functionality, have been demonstrated as stable, robust, reusable, efficient, and low-cost substrates for biomaeromolecule immobilization, which have motivated increasing research interest. Biomacromolecule-MOFs composites have extensive application in improvement of biocatalyst efficiency and promising recyclability, molecular sensing, drug delivery and gene therapy. This review focuses on the progress in the application of MOFs as biomacromolecule immobilization nmtrix and the methods and modes for biomacromolecule immobilization to MOFs substrates. The biomacromolecule can be immobilized on the surface of MOFs by physical absorption or covalent bond, diffuse into the pore of MOFs by functional interactions with the MOF ligand moieties or be encapsulated within framework structure by covalent bond or coordination bond during mineralization of MOFs. The design of highly mesoporous and various functional MOFs and the eco-friendly synthesis processes of biomacromolecule-MOFs composites will enlarge the application range of MOFs as substrates for biomacromolecule immobilization.