我国生态环境损害赔偿基金法律制度的构建——以加拿大联邦环境损害赔偿基金为视角

Constructing Legal System of Ecological Environment Damage Fund——In the Perspective of Canadian Federal Environmental Damage Fund

生态环境一旦发生损害,对生态环境的赔偿数额是巨大的。私人责任主体往往无力承担赔偿责任;同时由于生态环境损害是长期性、积累性和多方性的原因造成的,通常会出现责任主体不明的情况;另外在生态环境损害中,也有可能出现责任主体免责的事由。考虑到生态环境损害的特殊性,传统的救济方式已经不适合生态环境损害的救济,而社会化救济的方式似乎能解决这一困境。生态环境损害赔偿基金制度就是社会化救济的一种途径,构建生态环境损害赔偿基金法律制度对我国治理和修复生态环境以及生态文明建设至关重要。

Once ecological environment is damaged, the compensation for ecological environment is so tremendous that those responsible cannot afford. What is more, the damaged of ecological environment has been made in a long-term, all-round and accumulated way. Therefore, it is more possible that there is no the responsible and even there are exceptions for the responsible. Considered the characteristic of ecological environment, traditional relief has not been suit for ecological environmental damage. It is likely that social relief could solve this problem, building of the environmental damage fund, one of social reliefs, is vital for restore ecological environment even for ecological civilization.