基于复杂网络理论的北京地铁网络脆弱性评估

Assessment of Beijing Subway Network Vulnerability Based on Complex Network Theory

以北京市现有地铁线网为研究对象,使用Space L方法构建拓扑网络,为更加符合实际情况,对换乘车站进行了拆分。分析中,综合考虑连通OD对和出行效率两个因素,以运输能力损失作为评估网络脆弱性指标。随后,计算分析了单节点攻击、随机攻击、静态攻击和动态攻击下造成的地铁网络运输能力损失的变化规律,得出动态攻击对地铁网络影响最大。在该攻击方式下,相对基于度的动态攻击,地铁网络对基于介数和基于ER的动态攻击,具有更高的脆弱性。同时攻击介数较大的节点对网络南北方向运输能力影响较大;攻击对出行效率影响较高的节点对网络东西方向运输能力影响较大。因此,在地铁运营过程中,应针对不同站点的节点属性和事故发生情况,采取相关防护措施。

Taking the existing subway network of Beijing as the research object, subway network structure was buih based on Space L method, in which the transfer stations were split into several nodes. The vulnerability of network in the paper was represented by the loss of transport ability, which was influenced by the decrease of connected OD ratio and travel time efficiency. The loss of transport ability was calculated under four attack modes： single node attack, random attack, static malicious attack and dynamical malicious attack （ degree - preferential attack, betweenness - preferential attack and ER- preferential attack）. It shows that the network is more vulnerable under the dynamical malicious attack. For this attack, the transport ability of the entire network decreases faster under betweenness - pref- erential attack and ER - preferential attack, than under degree - preferential attack. In addition, the south - to - north and the east - to - west transport ability is more sensitive respectively to high - betweenness nodes and high - travel - time - efficiency nodes. Therefore, some effective measures should be taken and changed in time according to the node properties under some emergency conditions.