论希腊神祇“文明性”与“野蛮性”的双重神格——一种原始“秩序导力”视角

On the Greek Gods' Characteristics of “Civilization” and “Barbarianism”——A Perspective From the Primitive “Order Keepers”

希腊诸神的神格常常呈现为两个面孔:一面是高级的"文明性"(神职的精细分工),一面是低级的"野蛮性"(神祇的粗野兽性)。在中国伦理文化语境下这一悖谬现象使人迷惑不解。这一悖谬现象是希腊神话世界的"秩序导力"——"命运"(主导力)与"力、欲/美"(次导力)层叠共存而衍化的结果。也即是说,在"命运"监督下涌动的崇"力"因素形成了诸神的"野蛮性";崇"力"延伸至崇"知"促成了诸神的"文明性"。希腊诸神的悖谬神格经过悠久历史的承袭与传延,最终演化为现代西方"法律与战争"的文化基因。

The characteristics of the Greek gods often appeared as two faces： one was of high-level ＂civilization＂（ such as the gods＇ detailed division of labor）,another was of low-level ＂Barbarianism＂（ such as the barbarous nature of the gods）. It is puzzling to interpret this paradox in the Chinese ethical context. From the perspective of primitive ＂order keepers＂,it is found that the paradox is derived from the coexistence of order keepers： ＂fate＂（ dominant force） and ＂power,desire/beauty＂（ second force）. That is to say,the worship of＂force＂,under the supervision of ＂fate＂,caused gods＇ barbarianism; and the worship of ＂power＂naturally extended to worship of knowledge. With a long history of inheritance and transmission,the paradoxical characteristics of the Greek gods eventually evolved into the genes of the West＇s law and war.