广西艾滋病防治警示性宣传教育模式探讨与应用

Application of new mode of AIDS knowledge publicity and education in Guangxi

目的探索艾滋病防治宣传教育新模式,提高公众和高危人群艾滋病知识知晓率,有效遏制疫情快速增长态势。方法基于广西艾滋病流行特征及影响因素的前期流行病学调查发现,实时将这些研究成果转化为宣传教育新策略、新措施、新模式,以利不断提高防艾宣传教育的针对性、警示性、有效性。结果广西区卫生行政部门创新提出防艾策略"四转变"和"六招术"。将宣传教育转变重点确定为开展以宣传"危害/疫情/关怀/预防"并重的警示性宣传教育模式,并将该模式应用于攻坚工程。2016年调查结果广西公众艾滋病知识知晓率分别为:城镇居民94.4%,农村居民94.0%,流动人口92.0%,校内青少年94.6%;2015年广西高危人群艾滋病知识知晓率分别为:吸毒人群96.5%,暗娼人群96.3%,男同人群97.1%;全区防艾工作取得了连续5年"降两率"的显著成效,即:2012-2016年新发现报告艾滋病的病例数连续5年下降,分别为12 229例、10 877例、9 640例、9 190例、8 848例,2012-2016年报告艾滋病死亡病例数连续5年下降,分别为3 888例,3 316例,2 914例,2 717例、2 595例,有效遏制了疫情快速增长。结论广西防艾攻坚7年来实施警示性宣传教育,公众和高危人群的艾滋病知识知晓率不断提高,连续5年"降两率",有效遏制了疫情快速增长,表明警示性宣传教育模式值得推广应用。

Objective To know the effect of new HIV/AIDS publicity-education modes, and to increase the awareness rate of HIV/AIDS related knowledge among the general public and high risk groups in Guangxi. Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the information of HIV epidemic surveys and researches in recent years, during which the new strategies, measures, and modes were applied, which was a more comprehensive, and integrated continuum for HIV prevention. Results Guangxi health department required in 2011 that the mode of AIDS knowledge publicity and education must be changed to cover not only the high-risk groups but also the general public, to let more people know the harm of risk behaviors, exact meaning of HIV epidemic, prevention approaches and care/support to the people living with HIV/AIDS. Based on the results of the survey, the rates of public awareness of AIDS related knowledge in 2016 were 94.4%of urban residents, 94.0% of rural residents, 92.0% of migrant population, 94.6% of school teenagers, and 89.9% of out-of-school youths, respectively. The 2015 survey showed that the rates of the same point among high risk population were 96.5% of the drug addicts, 96.3% of the female sex workers, and 97.1% of the men who have sex with men. The number of newly diagnosed AIDS cases reported decreased year by year with 12 229 in 2012, 10 877 in 2013, 9460 in 2014, 9190 in 2015 and 8848 in 2016.And the number of reported AIDS deaths from 2012 to 2016 reduced too, with the cases of 3888, 3316, 2914, 2717, and 2595 respectively, which could witness the effective prevention of the rapid growth of AIDS in Guangxi. Conclusion Since Guangxi applied the new mode and changed the responsive strategies against AIDS, the awareness rates of AIDS-related knowledge among the general public and high-risk groups have been increased, and remarkable results have been achieved for the five consecutive years, which effectively curbs the rapid growth of AIDS epidemic in Guangxi.