美国2016-2020年《国民体力活动计划》研究及启示

Research and Enlightenment of the US National Physical Activity Plan(2016-2020)

通过对美国《国民体力活动计划》(以下简称美国《计划》)问题构建、议程设置、形成与合法化进行研究以及中美的比较,为我国全民健身工作提供参考。研究发现,美国2016-2020年《国民体力活动计划》比上一周期计划更加注重评估的价值、体力活动促进项目策划、各个州体力活动促进与治理的灵活性,强调以社区体力活动促进作为计划的重点;计划问题构建模型从健康行为的生态模型向社会生态模型转变;计划议程设置充分利用专家学者以及社会组织专业人士,从社会问题自身的社会建构过程的视角,筛选政策问题,使其成为政府决策的"候选者"。计划形成于共同协商与系统协同之上,注重实施目标的针对性、具体性、系统性打磨。计划合法化强调社会组织负责人与民众参与,注重社会组织中专业人士在《计划》合法化过程中主体性的发挥与衔接体制内外主体的桥梁作用。美国《国民体力活动计划》相关经验,对我国2016-2020年《全民健身计划》(以下简称中国《计划》)的执行、评估以及全民健身治理等方面有很好的借鉴价值与启示意义。

To study the problem construction, agenda setting, formation and legalization of the US National Physical Activity Plan （2016 -2020） and compare it with the Chinese Plan, aiming to provide a reference for China＇s national fitness program. Compared with the plan of the previous cycle, the 2016 -2020 US Plan pays more at- tention to the value of evaluation, planning of physical activity promotion project, states＇flexibility of promoting and managing physical activity, and taking the promotion of physical activity in communities as the key; prob- lem construction model has transformed from the ecological model of health behavior to the social ecological model; taking full advantage of experts and scholars as well as professionals from social organizations, agenda - setting screens from the perspective of social problem construction policy issues as ＂ candidates＂ for governmentg decision- making. The plan, formed through mutual consultation and systematic coordination, was more targeted, concrete, and systemic. The legalization of the plan lies in its emphasis on the involvement of heads of social organizations and masses, subjectivity of professionals from social organizations and their function of bridging the subjects inside and outside the system. Learning the experience in the US National Physical Activity Plan can provide both reference and enlightenment for China to implement and evaluate its ＂ National Fitness Plan＂ and conduct national fitness governance.