自行车运动员不同时长(1分钟内)骑行阻力模式优选及功率与心率的变化特征

Optimal Selection of Resistance Mode During Different Length of Time( within 1 min) Riding and the Relationship of Power and Heart Rate Variation Characteristic

目的:对自行车运动员不同时长全力骑行时不同阻力模式的选用及功率与心率变化特征进行研究,为运动员在短时长骑行训练与比赛中科学选用合适大小的阻力模式提供参考。方法:选取8名北京自行车队男子运动员为测试对象,年龄(25.75±2.82)岁,身高(175.75±4.50)cm,体重(67.50±6.93)kg。使用SRM Ergometer进行测试,采用Open End Test模式,采样频率设置为0.5 s,功率数据精度为1 w,速度测试精度为0.1 km/h。阻尼系数分别为9、10和11档位。受试者2天内进行不同阻力模式全力5 s、10 s、30 s、1 min骑行。结果:(1)5 s全力骑行时,6名运动员在9档位阻力模式平均功率和总功率值最大,2名运动员在10档位阻力模式总功率值最大,功率与心率变化不相关(P>0.05);(2)10 s全力骑行时,6名运动员在10档位阻力模式平均功率和总功率值最大,2名运动员在11档位阻力模式平均功率和总功率值最大,功率与心率变化呈正相关(P<0.01);(3)30 s全力骑行时,6名运动员在11档位阻力模式平均功率和总功率值最大,1名运动员在10档位阻力模式平均功率和总功率值最大,1名运动员在9档位阻力模式平均功率和总功率值最大,功率与心率呈负相关(P<0.01);(4)1 min全力骑行时,8名运动员均在11档位阻力模式时平均功率和总功率值最大,功率与心率呈现负相关(P<0.01)。结论:(1)自行车运动员在1 min内短时全力骑行时,骑行时长增加,选用的阻力模式逐渐增大,有利于运动员创造最佳运动成绩。(2)自行车运动员1 min内全力骑行时,心率不随运动强度的变化而产生实时一致性的变化,心率对于短时间高强度自行车运动负荷的监控存在一定的局限。

Objective ： Study the selection of different resistance patterns and the characteristics of power and heart rate change during different length of time （ within 1 rain） riding, and provide the appropriate resistance model for eyclistin short - term riding training and competition. Methods ： This study recruited eight cyclists from Beijing cycling team as the test subjects . We used the SRM Ergometer to test, used the Open End Test mode, the sampling frequency was set to 0. 5 s, the power data accuracy was 1 w, and the speed test accuracy was 0. 1 km / h. The damping coefficients were 9, 10 and 11, respectively. Cyclists ridded 5 s, 10 s, 30 s, 1 min in different resistance models. Results ： （ 1 ） 5 s riding, there were 6 of 8 cyclists got the largest average power and total power in the 9 - position resistance mode, 2 cyclists were in the 10 stall resistance mode. There was no correlation between power and heart rate （P 〉 0.05）. （2） 10 s riding, there were 6 of 8 cyclists got the largest average power and total power in the 10 stall resistance mode, 2 cyclists were in the 11 stalls resistance mode. There was a high positive correlation between power and heart rate （P 〈0. 01 ）. （3） 30 s riding, there were 6 of 8 cyclists get the largest average power and total power in the 11 stall resistance mode, 1 cyclist was in the 10 stall resistance mode, 1 cyclist was in the 9 stall resistance mode. There was a high negative correlation between power and heart rate （P 〈0. 01 ）. （4） 1 min riding, all cyclists got the largest average power and total power in the 11 stalls resistance mode. There was a high negative correlation between power and heart rate （P 〈0.01 ）. Conclusion： （1） Cyclists ridded less than 1 rain, the selected resistance mode is gradually in- creased with the the length of the ride increase, which is beneficial to the athletes to get the best sports performance. （2） Cyclists have a real -time consistency change when the heart rate does not change with the intensity of exercise within 1 min. The heart rate has some limitations on the monitoring of short - term high - intensity bicycle training.