芬兰学校体育的发展、特征及启示

The Development,Features and Enlightenment of School Physical Education in Finland

由于近年来芬兰学生在PISA测试中表现出优异的学业成绩,其基础教育体制也相应受到了全球的关注。芬兰学生优异的表现是诸因素共同作用的结果,而体育作为芬兰学校教育的重要内容,被认为是促使其基础教育整体成功的重要因素之一。采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法和比较研究法,以芬兰学校体育课程改革为研究视角,分析、回顾了芬兰学校体育课程的发展历程,进而概括了芬兰学校体育的基本特征,包括:倡导"以生为本"理念、重视教师教育一体化发展、课程内容设置合理、推进性别平等教育、"信任文化"氛围浓厚和以信息技术为导向。在此基础上探讨了其对我国学校体育改革与发展的启示,包括:落实资源均衡配置理念、推动生命教育整体发展、加强体育教师专业化发展、完善体育课程内容设置、建构学校体育信任文化和积极回应信息技术革新。

In recent years, Finnish students demonstrated excellent academic performance in the Program for Interna- tional Student Assessment （PISA）. As a result, the basic education system in Finland has drawn the world＇s attention. The excellent performance of Finnish studentsis attributed to various factors. Physical education, an important aspect of school education in Finland, is believed to be one of the factors to the success of basic education. By means of literature review, logical analysis and comparative study, this paper reviewed the development of physical education curriculum in Finland from the perspective of physical education curriculum reform, and then summarized the primary features of physical education in Finland including promotion of the student - centeredconcept, emphasis on teachers＇ overall development, reasonable curriculum content, gender equality education, strong ＂trust culture＂ atmosphere, and information technologyorientation, Based on that, this paper discussed the enlightenment of physical education in Finland for the reform and development of school physical education in China, including implementing the concept of balanced allocation of resources, promoting the overall development of life education, enhancing physical education teachers＇ professional development, improving the content of physical education curriculum, constructing the trust culture of school physical education, and actively responding to information technology innovation.