程德全与清末黑龙江行政区划变革——兼论程德全的政治地理思想

Cheng Dequan and the Reformation of Administrative Division in Heilongjiang Province in Late Qing Dynasty, concurrently Discussed on His Political Geographical Thoughts

作为清末黑龙江最后一任将军和首任巡抚,程德全任内在黑龙江引入内地式的州县行政管理体制,改变了黑龙江的政治地理面貌。程德全的地方行政区划改革,遵循通盘规划、循序渐进的原则,设治与开发并重,设治的地域由内地逐步向边疆推进。从程德全的地方行政区划改革可管窥其政治地理思想,即视东北为一体,从国家全局考虑东北的设治与开发;重视铁路对东北地缘政治格局的改变;重视边疆地区设治,以确保边疆领土主权。

As the last general and first provincial Governor, Cheng Dequan transplanted the inner mainland's State and County Administrative system, which changed the political geographic situations in Heilongjiang Province. The reform of administration performed by Cheng Dequan obeys the rules of overall designation and promoted progressively, while the local economy was developed gradually to the borderlands. The promulgation of Cheng's reforms reflects his geopolitical ideas, which took Northeast China as an integrity, respect the railway and borderland's construction as well as the administrative agencies for security of boundaries.