老年友好型医疗设施设计——以北京老年医院医疗综合楼为例

CREATING AN OLD AGE-FRIENDLY HOSPITAL:DESIGNING FOR BEIJING GERIATRIC HOSPITAL

如何应对老龄社会这一重要的社会转型期,是当前我国医疗设施规划设计面临的重要挑战。相对紧张的医疗资源供给、医疗技术的进步、人们生活方式的转变,以及老年人口的增长,都对医疗设施提出新的要求。随着人文主义的复兴,医学向"生物—心理—社会"模式转变,医疗设施出现一个"去特殊化"的过程,逐渐回归公共建筑的本质,尤其是老龄化语境下,设计思想发生从"效率优先"到"效率与人文并重"的转变。在这样的理念下,文章结合老年人在疾病谱系、行为模式、就医习惯等方面的特殊性,分析了医疗设施的发展趋势,认为老年友好的医疗设施需要形成布局合理的网络化与设施分级,努力融入城市空间体系,提倡复合化、多元化的功能设置,以提供更多的商业、休闲与社区服务,并优化医疗流程设置与组合。最后,论文以北京老年医院医疗综合楼设计为例,探讨新形势下老年友好型医疗设施设计。

Facing the lack of medical resources and turning point of life style, it is a critical challenge to research the tactics of planning and designing for healthcare facilities in aging societies. With the revival of humanism, medicine has transformed into a biological-psycho-social pattern, and healthcare facilities have been in a process of de-specialization and returned to the common public buildings. In the aging society context, design ideas have been transformed from efficiency priority to efficiency and humanism equality. Combined with the old people＇s disease pedigree, behavior pattern and medical practice, the paper points out four characteristics for the future healthcare facilities： hierarchy facilities, urbanization, multi-functional community center and one-station treatment. By studying a case of the complex building of Beijing Geriatric Hospital, it also discusses the design of old age-friendly medical facilities under the new situation.