自闭症谱系障碍个体运动干预研究进展

Research Progress of Exercise Intervention on Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)描述的是一系列具有神经基础的广泛性发展障碍。已有研究发现,运动干预能够改善自闭症谱系障碍个体的某些功能障碍,从而提升ASD个体的生活质量。在运动科学领域,目前研究者的关注点主要集中在以下4个方面:ASD个体的认知与学业表现、社会交往、刻板行为和动作技能发展。从现有研究来看,运动干预效应可能涉及的作用机制包括刺激强化假说、神经化学机制假说和大脑组织结构假说。总的来说,已有研究发现都支持运动干预对改善ASD个体症状的积极效果,高强度运动的干预效果要优于中低强度运动的干预效果,并且这种效果能够持续到干预结束后。在今后研究中,研究者应继续加强对自闭症谱系障碍个体运动干预效果的后续跟踪调查,积极尝试运用中国传统拳术对ASD个体进行干预,并达到最终建立ASD个体运动干预指南的目的。

Autism spectrum disorders（ASD） describe a wide range of pervasive developmental disorders with neurological basis. Many studies have confirmed that exercise intervention can improve autism spectrum disorders of individuals with certain dysfunction,and ultimately improve the quality of life of ASD individuals. In the field of sports science,the current researchers focus on the following four aspects：ASD individual cognitive and academic performance,social interaction,stereotyped behavior and motor skills development. According to the existing studies,the mechanisms involved in the effect of exercise intervention may include the stimulus reinforcement hypothesis,the neurochemical mechanism hypothesis and the hypothesis of the brain tissue structure. In general,most research findings support the positive effects of exercise intervention on improving symptoms of ASD individual,the intervention effect of high intensity exercise is better than low intensity exercise,and this effect will continue until the end of intervention. In the future,researchers should continue to strengthen the follow-up survey of autism spectrum disorders of patients with individual exercise intervention,actively try to use the Chinese traditional martial arts in ASD individual＇s intervention,and ultimately achieve the establishment of an exercise handbook for individual with ASD.