乒乓球和羽毛球运动员大脑可塑性差异比较

Comparison of Brain Plasticity between Table Tennis and Badminton Athletes

研究目的:长期系统化的运动训练会导致大脑运动皮层可塑性改变。在大脑层面上研究和分析项目间的特性,不仅能帮助运动员和教练更精确地了解专项技术特点,更能为训练效果的评价提供客观生理指标。研究方法:研究选用乒乓球和羽毛球项目中常用主动肌第1骨间背侧肌和桡侧腕伸肌,通过单脉冲经颅磁刺激刺激大脑初级运动皮层,产生运动诱发电位(MEP),以此评价大脑运动皮质兴奋性水平。结果:乒乓球运动员第1骨间背侧肌的MEP振幅和斜率显著高于对照组,羽毛球运动员桡侧腕伸肌的MEP振幅和斜率显著高于乒乓球组和对照组。结论:长期、系统的运动训练"有选择性"地增加主动肌肉对应区域的运动皮层兴奋性,能提高皮质内神经募集水平,帮助运动员更好地完成动作输出。

Objective：Long-term and systematic exercise training can lead to plastic changes in motor cortex. Research and analysis on characteristics of different sports in terms of brain level not only helps athletes and coaches to understand the characteristics of sports more accurately,but also provides objective and physiological indicators for selection and training. Methods：This study chooses first dorsal interosseous and extensor carpi radialis which mainly exercised in table tennis and badminton games and produces motor evoked potential（MEP） through single pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the primary motor cortex of the brain to evaluate motorcortical excitability. Results：The MEP amplitude and slope of first dorsal interosseous in table tennis athletes were significantly higher than those in the control group. The MEP amplitude and slope of extensor carpi radialis in badminton athletes were significantly higher than those in the table tennis group and the control group. Conclusion：Long-term and systematic exercise training can increase motorcortical excitability of agonist-related region ＂selectively＂ and improve recruitment of corticospinal projections to help athletes better achieve motor output.