高原训练环境对我国优秀混合泳运动员叶诗文和汪顺技术影响的个案分析

Case Studies of Altitude Environmental Impacts on Technique Training of Chinese Elite Medley Swimmers YE Shi-wen and WANG Shun

通过技术录像拍摄以及长期系统的训练观察记录和问询,结合游泳运动训练的技术要求,对比运动员高原与平原训练的各项技术指标,分析高原训练环境对我国优秀混合泳项目运动员叶诗文和汪顺技术所造成的影响,研究高原训练中的技术问题,提出有效的解决办法。研究结果表明,高原训练环境对蛙泳技术的影响最大,其次是蝶泳,再次是自由泳,对仰泳的技术影响相对要小一些;随着不同段落训练手段强度的增大,高原环境对运动员技术的影响也随之加大,有氧强度和速度训练的影响相对较小,耐乳酸以及最大乳酸强度训练的影响相对较大;高原训练对有氧能力和肌肉恢复能力较差的运动员技术影响较大;高原短池训练对混合泳运动员的技术影响大;高原训练要求应根据运动员自身的条件选择合适的训练技术要求。

By combining video analysis with a long-term systematical observation on YE Shiwen and WANG Shun＇s training and inquiries,the study compared the technical indicators of two swimmers in altitude and sea-level training under the technical requirements for Medley,aiming to explore the aspects and intensity of altitude impacts on YE Shi-wen and WANG Shun and find out effective ways to solve those specific problems appearing in altitude environment,so as to improve training effect. The result shows that most affected stroke is breaststroke,then butterfly,freestyle and backstroke in that order. With the increasing of training strength during different paragraph,the impacts on swimmers＇ technology under altitude environment are also increasing. The influence on aerobic strength and speed training is relatively smaller,however larger on resistance lactic acid and maximum lactic acid strength training. The research indicates that the impact on those swimmers having poor aerobic capacity and muscle recovery capacity is much greater. The short course training for medley on altitude is more challenging. One of the principals for altitude training is to establish specific technical requirements for swimmers according to their own conditions.