焦点化与俄语倒装式约量短语

Approximate inversion as focalization in Russian

俄语中数词修饰名词时,有"数+名"和"名+数"这两种语序,其中"数+名"表示确量,而"名+数"这一倒装语序表示约量。本文所关心的问题是,为什么倒装这一特定的句法手段可以表示约量?我们否定了前人提出的"情态说"和"话题说",提出"约量倒装"的本质是焦点化。从备选语义学来看,焦点化可以触发有关数量的备选集合,这是数量倒装结构可以表示约量的语义基础。

In Russian, we can manipulate the word order of a numeral and a noun or of a numeral and a classifier to express approximate quantity. ‘Noun+numeral' and ‘classifier+numeral' are the often used expressions of approximate inversion. Against the modality analysis(Zaroukian 2012) and the topicalization proposal(Matushansky 2013), we propose that approximate inversion is a kind of focalization. According to Alternative Semantics, we suggest that the approximation is a sort of alternative set of numerals, as triggered by the focused element.