138例面部复发性皮炎的斑贴试验及临床分析

Patch test and clinical analysis of 138 cases of facial recurrent dermatitis

目的通过斑贴试验及问卷调查探讨面部复发性皮炎的可能致病因素及潜在规律。方法对138例面部复发性皮炎患者进行问卷调查和斑贴试验,48 h和96 h后分别观察结果。结果 138例患者除2例患者因对所有试剂及试验材料过敏而剔除外,有99例斑贴试验阳性,占受试者的72.79%,其中对1种变应原阳性者24例(24.24%),对2种阳性者33例(33.33%),对3种阳性者22例(22.22%),对4种及4种以上阳性者20例(20.20%),阳性发生率较高的前6位过敏原依次为甲醛、硫酸镍、重铬酸钾、卡巴混合物、硫柳汞、对苯类。阳性率与年龄、性别相关,与化妆品的使用无明显相关性。结论面部复发性皮炎的发生与接触变应原关系密切,斑贴试验是指导面部复发性皮炎治疗的一个有力手段。

Objective To explore the possible pathogenic factors and potential regularity of facial recurrent dermatitis by patch test and questionnaire survey. Methods 138 patients with facial recurrent dermatitis were given questionnaire survey and patch test. The results were observed after 48 hours and 96 hours respectively. Results Of the 138 patients, except two patients who were allergic to all reagents and test materials and then were excluded, 99 cases were positive for patch test, accounting for 71.74% of the subjects. Among them, 24 cases （24.24%） were positive for one allergen, 33 cases （33.33%） were positive for two allergens, 22 cases （22.22%） were positive for three allergens, and 20 cases （20.20%） were positive for four and more allergens. The first six allergens which had the highest positive incidence rate were formaldehyde, nickel sulfate, potassium dichromate, Carba mixture, thiomersalate, and p-phenylene. Positive rates were associated with age and gender, and had no significant correlation with the use of cosmetics. Conclusion The occurrence of facial recurrent dermatitis is closely related to the contact with allergens, and patch test is a powerful means to guide the treatment of facial recurrent dermatitis.