“布拉格之春”及其意义再认识

The Prague Spring Reconsidered

作为国际共运史上的重大事件，“布拉格之春”是冷战时期东欧国家中突破苏联模式樊篱力度最大的改革实践，其目标是探索适合国情的发展道路。捷共改革派领导层自上而下的推动力与民众自下而上的呼声结合体现了改革的内生性和自主性特点。在坚持执政党的领导地位和保持捷克斯洛伐克与其他苏东国家联盟关系的基础上。捷共尝试对集权体制进行民主化改造，通过党政分离、政企脱钩、建立联邦制政体、社会组织自主化和放松新闻审查等一系列措施来解决国内经济、社会发展中出现的问题并缓和国内的民族矛盾。作为创新性的突破尝试，改革纲领强调社会主义民主建设的重要性，其对社会主义民主议题和范式的认识与探索丰富和拓展了国际共运的理论与实践，也使“布拉格之春”在国际共运史上具有特殊的历史意义。

As an important event in the history of international communist movement,the Prague Spring was the most ambitious reform practice aimed to breaking the Soviet model in eastern Europe during the Cold War. Its goal was to explore the developing path according to one’s own conditions. The top-down effort by the CPCz’s reformist leadership met the people’s aspirations from the bottom up,which indicated an endogenous and autonomous reform. Adhering to the leadership of the ruling party and maintaining the relations with other socialist-bloc countries,the CPCz made a series of efforts to democratize the centralized state structure through separating the functions of party from those of the government,decouple economic enterprises from the administration,establish a federated government,ensure self-governance of social organizations,and relax press censorship,so as to solve problems in domestic economic and social development and ease domestic interethnic tensions. As an innovative and breakthrough attempt,these programs highlighted the importance of constructing socialist democracy. In explaining and exploring the issue of socialist democracy the Prague Spring enriched the theory and practice of the international communist movement,and was therefore of special historical significance in the history of international communist movement.