3005例学龄前儿童体检血红蛋白调查分析

The investigation and analysis of hemoglobin in physical examination of 3005 cases of preschool children

目的：了解广州部分辖区学龄前儿童营养健康状况.方法：分别空腹抽取EDTA-K2抗凝静脉全血2ml,同一操作者连续上机检测,检测标本前先做好仪器室内质控,待室内质控在控的情况下进行检测标本,观察各年龄段贫血分布情况,比较各年龄段的营养健康状况.结果：在3005例学龄前儿童中贫血（Hb＆lt;110g/L）例数为372例,占受检例数的12.38%,其中男192例,占受检例数的6.39%,女180例,占受检例数的5.99%,男女贫血例数比较,χ2=0.51,P=0.3765,差异无统计学意义.在372例贫血患儿中,轻度贫血359例,占贫血例数的96.5%,其中男185例,占51.53%,女174例,占48.47%.在轻度贫血患儿中,男女贫血例数比较,χ2=0.67,P=0.2866,差异无统计学意义;中度贫血13例,占贫血例数的3.5%,其中男7例,占53.85%,女6例,占46.15%.轻度贫血与中度贫血例数比较,χ2=643.63,P=0.0001,差异具有统计学意义.在本次筛查中,未发现重度和极重度贫血的患儿.结论：贫血在学龄前儿童发病率高,在各年龄段分布不同,提倡儿童膳食营养应保持均衡,提高儿童营养状况,尽可能减少贫血发生,促进儿童体格发育及智力发育.

Objective： To investigate the nutrition and health condition of preschool children in part area of Guangzhou. Methods： A total of 2 ml anticoagulant venous blood was extracted respectively under EDTA-K2. The test was conducted by the same operator continuously. Interior quality control was prepared before samples testing. The distribution of anemia and nutrition were analyzed in different ages. Results： There were 372 cases of anemia （Hb 〈 110 g/L） in 3005 cases of preschool children, accounting for 12.38% of the tested, among which 192 were male, or 6.39% of the tested, female 180 cases, accounting for 5.99% of the tested. There were no statistically significant difference between men and women anemia cases （X2=0.51, P=0.3765） . In 372 cases of children with anemia, 359 cases were mild anemia, or 96.5% of the anemia, among which 185 were male, accounting for 51.53%, female 174 cases, accounting for 48.47%. There was no statistically significant difference between men and women in children with mild anemia （X^2=-0.67, P=-0.2866） ; 13 cases of moderate anemia, or 3.5% of the anemia, the male 7 cases, accounted for 53.85%, female 6 cases, accounting for 46.15%. Statistical difference was found between mild anemia and moderate anemia （X^2=643.63, P=0.0001） . In this screening, no severe and very severe anemia was found. Conclusion： The incidence of anemia in preschool children is high and the distribution is different in each age, advocating that children＇s meals should maintain a balanced nutrition, improve children＇s nutritional status, and keep anemia occurred as short as possible, and improve the mental development.