全球视角中的国际私法

The Global Horizon of Private International Law

本文在2015年海牙国际法学院国际私法暑期班开幕式演讲稿的基础上写作而成。首先,本文系统介绍了国际私法的历史演进进程,其最初被视为自然法的一部分,进而经历了被"国内化"的阶段,而今天的国际私法在全球化影响下又一次接受了跨国的、全球性视角。其次,本文阐述了全球化对国际私法发展的影响以及海牙国际私法会议(中国自1987年成为其成员)在全球化中的作用。海牙国际私法会议近年来制定了《选择法院协议公约》和《国际商事合同法律选择原则》以及一系列海牙关于儿童诱拐、儿童收养和儿童扶养的多项公约,其在不断应对全球化在商业贸易、自然人、家庭领域所带来的挑战。再次,本文讨论了当前国际私法面临的全球挑战,包括讨论了复杂的跨国代孕协议问题与国际私法在暂时性移民事项、环境与气候变化方面的作用。本文最后得出结论认为,国际私法对国际公法的互补性作用日益凸显,其必然会在为人类与地球创造可持续发展的未来中发挥应有的作用。

This article develops a lecture held in July 2015 at the opening of the Private International Law Summer Course of the Hague Academy of International Law. Chapter I describes how private international law originated as part of universal, natural law, then became ＂nationalized＂, but today is called upon to adopt transnational, global perspective. Chapter II discusses the impact of globalization on the development of private international law and the role of the Hague Conference on Private International Law-of which China has been a Member since 1987 - as an evolving platform for the elaboration of new approaches to meet the challenges of globalization. This is illustrated by the innovations made by the Hague Choice of Court Convention and Hague Principles on Choice of Law; and by the four modern Hague Children＇s Conventions, on child abduction, protection, adoption and support. Chapter III discusses the intricacies of transnational surrogacy arrangements; suggests that private international law might assist in regulating temporary migration; and discusses its role in cross-border litigation in environmental matters and climate change. The article concludes that private international law is increasingly complementary to public international law, and must play its part in building a sustainable future for humanity and the planet.