中国城镇贫困线、贫困率及存在的问题

China's Urban Poverty Line and Poverty Rate and Related Problems

文章尝试制定了阶梯式全国统一城市贫困线。据此测度发现,城市低保制度的建立为解决城市贫困问题提供了制度保障,目前已接近解决绝对贫困问题。但对流动人口的贫困治理仍是"真空地带",存在城市贫困治理的"内部二元结构"问题;区域差异明显,中西部城镇贫困仍较严重;在经济转型条件下,城市绝对贫困也存在反弹可能;相对贫困日益严峻。文章提出政策建议:明确确立全国统一城市贫困线;将常住流动人口纳入城市扶贫体系,特别关注外来务工人员贫困问题;实行定向精准扶贫,加大对特殊人群的扶贫;加大中部和东北地区城镇扶贫力度。同时将相对贫困、多维贫困提上议程,并建立相应的保障机制。

This paper sets a unified absolute urban poverty line for China. Based on an analysis of this line, we conclude that the urban minimum living security system provides an institutional guarantee for eliminating urban poverty, and that absolute urban poverty is close to being eliminated. However, the paper finds several problems concerning China＇s urban poverty： the ＂vacuum zone＂ phenomenon in the governance of poverty among the migrant population that leads to a dual structure in urban poverty alleviation; obvious regional differences have been found, particularly in the central and western regions; absolute urban poverty may come back due to the economic transition; relative poverty has become increasingly worse. This paper offers a number of policy suggestions including implementing a unified national urban poverty line, incorporating permanent floating residents into the urban poverty alleviation system, attaching greater attention to migrant workers, ensuring targeted poverty alleviation, especially for special population groups, and strengthening poverty alleviation efforts in cities in the central region and northeast China. Furthermore, relative poverty and multi - dimensional poverty that should be put on the agenda and mechanisms should be established to address them.